On the other hand, it was also reported that, besides T-cell activation state, various pathophysiological conditions, including bacterial endotoxin shock [51], acute pneumonia [52], Helicobacter pylori infection [53], atherosclerosis [54] and ischemic heart disease [55], are associated with SDC-4 expression levels in PBMCs. This evidence concerns the gene SDC4 and coronary artery disorder.