Importantly, dependence upon Rho family GTPase signaling for optimal infection of target cells is not unique to HIV-1 infection: adenovirus [56], Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus [57, 58], and influenza A virus [59] infections also require intact Rho function, suggesting that manipulation of Rho GTPase signaling pathways to promote cytoskeletal reorganization may be a common feature among many viral infections involving a nuclear stage of the viral life cycle. This evidence concerns the gene RHO and viral infectious disease.