TNF and tuberculosis: TNF-α levels were also significantly elevated in sarcoidosis (1139 pg/mL IQR 51.53–2884) vs. tuberculosis (0.1 pg/mL IQR 0.1–0.1, p<0.0001) and healthy volunteer PBMCs (42.29 pg/mL IQR 7.713–103.4, p = 0.027) (Fig 5B).