On the other hand, given that the expression of Gal-1, Gal-3, and Gal-9 are unregulated in the brain after IS and exert either neuroprotective or neurotoxic functions7, 21, 22, 23, 35, 36, we postulated that these biomarkers in the circulation might be potential predictors for stroke outcomes; however, these associations have not been previously confirmed in stroke patients. Here, GAL is linked to stroke disorder.