AKT1 and Parkinson disease: In the present study, we firstly demonstrated that the neuroprotective activity of PTS in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD models in PC12 cells and zebrafish was attributable to PTS-elicited hormetic effect via regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)/Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) pathways.