Research on patients with premature ovarian failure has implicated candidate genes (e.g., GDF9, BMP15 and FOXL2; Jagarlamudi et al., 2010), and research with mutant mouse models (e.g., GDF9-/-, FSHR-/-, and ER-/-) has hinted at genes (Hamatani et al., 2004) and molecules (Willer et al., 2006; Lakhal et al., 2010) that might be involved. Here, GDF9 is linked to primary ovarian failure.