In addition to I/R, ROS induced oxidative stress turn out to be primary pathogenesis of other diseases such as diabetes, heart failure and Alzheimer's diseases, therefore, it is reasonable to expect that ROS in above diseases might also active ROS/MAPK/Egr-1 pathway, and even damage vascular endothelium, which can be ameliorated similarly by F2. The gene discussed is EGR1; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.