By contrast, significant upregulation in the expression of the phosphofructokinase-liver (Pfkl; 50%; p < 0.01) and phosphofructokinase-platelet (Pfkp; 50%; p < 0.01) isozymes were detected in LC neurons from AD subjects relative to NCI and aMCI (Fig. 3a, b). Here, PFKL is linked to Alzheimer disease.