Elevated β-amyloid can stimulate tauopathy and hyperphosphorylation of tau has been associated with changes in microtubule assembly to produce neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neurodegeneration in HIV-1 infection [20, 27] as well as many other neurological diseases including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease [28–32]. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is HIV-1 infection.