CTBP1 and neoplasm: It has been reported that HIPK2 is a tumor-inhibiting factor and DNA damage monitoring kinase by promoting apoptosis through targeting p53 and its family members, p73 and p63 [22], anti-apoptotic trans-repressor C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) [23, 24], MDM2 [25], Caspase-dependent processing [14] and the scaffold protein Axin [26].