Cytoplasmic staining of cyclin E in the non-IBC cases was significantly correlated with poor prognosis (P < 0.001, Figure 1D), whereas all patients in the IBC cohort had a poor outcome (Figure 1E), regardless of nuclear or cytoplasmic expression of cyclin E. These results suggest that expression of any cyclin E is likely to be an essential oncogenic driver for IBC pathogenesis, and we reason that the high frequency of overexpression makes this pathway an ideal target for therapy. This evidence concerns the gene CCNE1 and inflammatory breast carcinoma.