EGF and neoplasm: To identify potential mechanisms mediating the effects of OSM signaling perturbation on tumor cells and the immune microenvironment, we evaluated the correlation between OSM expression and crucial oncogenic pathways, including inflammatory responses, EMT, epidermal growth factor (EGF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) cascades.