TNF and infection: As shown in Figure 5A–C, immunization with the PmpG-vault vaccine resulted in a significant increase of CD4 PmpG-Tet+ CD4+ T cells that secreted IFNγ, multiple cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17), or central memory cells (CD62hi) in the iLN compared to mice that were not immunized with vaults (PBS immunized and infection with MoPn).