IL1B and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome: These diseases include cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS)57 in which activating mutations in the NLRP3 gene result in increased excretion of IL-1β excretion and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the haemophagocytic syndrome58, in which the uncontrolled activation of antigen-presenting cells (macrophages and histiocytes) and T cells produces an exaggerated inflammatory response and cytokine storm.