ATG12 and infection: Autophagy is a double-edged sword that either helps host cell eliminate the pathogen or is hijacked by invasive viruses to facilitate their own proliferation.38, 39 Genetic knockout studies have suggested an important role of ATGs in the protection of mice, human, worms, and slime molds against viral or protozoal pathogens.11, 13, 40 In this study, we first report that ATG5-ATG12 have an anti-viral role during FMDV (Asia I/Jiangsu/China/2005) infection, the brief regulation was diagrammatized in Figure 8.