LAMP2 and dentin dysplasia: Although the deficiency of LAMP2a-mediated CMA may trigger autophagy as a compensatory mechanism, the half-life of autophagosomes in LAMP2-deficient murine hepatocytes is prolonged, suggesting an impairment of autophagosome–lysosome fusion and degradation.9 Muscles of DD patients have large vacuoles surrounded by lysosomes and delimited by membranes containing sarcolemmal proteins (such dystrophin-associated proteins, extracellular matrix molecules and acetylcholinesterase), and positive for the autophagosome marker LC3.