BRCA1 and breast carcinoma: It has been shown that proteins in different DNA damage repair processes, such as CSA (Cockayne syndrome A), BRCA1 (Breast cancer 1), BARD1 complex (BRCA1-associated RING) and NEDD4 (neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4), are involved in the ubiquitylation of RNAPII12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17.