Although KO/PyMT and WT/PyMT total Ras levels did not differ (Fig. 3g,h), levels of activated Ras-GTP, capable of binding Raf-1, were markedly higher in WT/PyMT than in KO/PyMT cell and tumour extracts (Fig. 3h), as were activated phospho-Raf-1 levels (Fig. 3g). Here, RAF1 is linked to neoplasm.