TNF and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Whereas no difference was observed in the proportion of IFN-γ-expressing and TNF-α-expressing CD4+ Teff between NSCLC-PBMC and HD-PBMC, TNF-α produced by the Teff cells significantly reduced in Normal-Ly than in HD-PBMC (CD4 group, p = 0.0096; CD8 group, p = 0.049); the frequency of IFN-γ-expressing CD8+ Teff cells was also lower in NSCLC-Ly than in NSCLC-PBMC (p = 0.035) (Fig. 4b).