Compared to I/R group, plasma TNF-α was significantly reduced in ischemia only and Gingko biloba treated I/R groups (36.38 ± 1.4, 55.88 ± 6.22 versus 107.65 ± 19.78, P < 0.001 for each), as shown in Table 2 and Figure 2. Here, TNF is linked to ischemia.