TWIST1 and breast carcinoma: On the contrary, it is noteworthy that Twist1 can also promote the acquisition of stemness properties independent of EMT, as demonstrated by Vesuna et al. who established that the over-expression of Twist1 in breast cells can transcriptionally regulate CD24 expression and promote the generation of a breast cancer stem cell phenotype characterized by the high expression of CD44, and little or no expression of CD24 without inducing EMT [96].