Consistent with the lack of an eosinophilic response, IL-5 and IL-13 levels were not significantly elevated in the PVM-infected RAGE deficient mice (Figure 7B) (p=0.7016 and p=0.9973) Levels of IL-17A were also not elevated in RAGE deficient mice upon infection with PVM (Figure 7B). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and infection.