COX inhibitors have been shown to dampen the immunosuppressive pro-tumor behavior of various immune cells [124,125], and also decrease fibrotic pro-tumor stroma [44,48,80,81,126] and could be explored further as an approach to inhibit pro-tumorigenic aspects of TGF-β signaling while preserving anti-tumor attributes (Figure 4). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.