Among them, several drugs and small molecules are under phase I/II investigation in different epithelial cancers, such as Dactolisib (PI3K inhibitor), Maritoclax (Mcl-1 inhibitor) and Tariquidar (MDR1 inhibitor), but to date, none of them is under consideration for CCA treatment. This evidence concerns the gene ABCB1 and cholangiocarcinoma.