For instance, the IL-6/LIF effector Mcl-1 (by maritoclax), PDGFR-β (by imatinib), Wnt/β-catenin signaling (by XAV939, which promotes β-catenin degradation by stabilizing axin) and Hh signaling (by cyclopamine) are all putative targets amenable of intervention to sensitize CCA cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. The gene discussed is LIF; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.