Furthermore, several pathways previously shown to play a role in the development of heart failure are differentially dysregulated in pediatric RCM including; janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway (JAK2, STAT3, MYC, OSMR, and IL4R) (Fig. 2B), and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway (INHBA, TNF, RUNX2, RUNX3, LEF1, and STAT3) (Fig. 2C)24, 25. This evidence concerns the gene IL4R and heart failure.