Besides its main role in melanin synthesis, DCT is also involved in 1) detoxification of the melanin precursors; 2) it is known to limit DNA damage caused by chemotherapeutic agents, X-ray or UVB and gamma irradiation in melanoma cells, and 3) it decreases cell’s sensitivity to oxidative stress by increasing cellular glutathione (GSH) levels [28, 36, 46–49]. The gene discussed is DCT; the disease is melanoma.