Additionally, serum levels of cytokine may not describe IFN levels in various local microenvironments (such as SLO) where Tregs would likely receive signals to promote the response to infection, and so RIG-I-mediated production of type I IFN remains a possibility as a mechanism by which Tregs could sense the presence of WNV infection, though the cellular sources of IFN as well as the timing and location of production remain unresolved. Here, IFNA1 is linked to infection.