We and others have shown that expression of four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 1 (FHL1), characterized by four complete LIM domains preceded by an N-terminal half LIM domain, is downregulated in many cancers13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer and gastric cancer. This evidence concerns the gene PDLIM5 and breast carcinoma.