PDLIM5 and lung carcinoma: We and others have shown that expression of four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 1 (FHL1), characterized by four complete LIM domains preceded by an N-terminal half LIM domain, is downregulated in many cancers13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer and gastric cancer.