Interestingly there are a couple of alternative, ΔΨm-independent mechanisms can also result in FL-PINK1 accumulation, which include overwhelming of the mitochondrial import channels with excess PINK1 and preventing PINK1 cleavage by reducing mitochondrial protease activity.93, 94 One of these or an alternative mechanism could be responsible for the increased FL-PINK1 levels observed in PTENWT melanoma cells in response to WNT/β-catenin signaling. This evidence concerns the gene PINK1 and melanoma.