So numerous studies have investigated the relationship between Trx1 and the pathogenesis of RA.20, 21, 22, 23 They revealed that Trx1 protein and activity levels were augmented in patients suffering from RA.20, 21, 22, 23, 27 The literature observations on elevated Trx1 levels in plasma of RA patients were confirmed by our own analyses (data not shown). Here, TXN is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.