TNF and infection: In fact in vivo TNFα inhibits the formation of multicellular pathological lesions that normally develop at the foci of infection and that restrain Salmonella within discrete areas within an organ (Mastroeni, Skepper and Hormaeche 1995; Richter-Dahlfors, Buchan and Finlay 1997; Sheppard et al.2003; Grant et al.2012).