Although no change in activation of NF-κB was observed in NAWM of MS patients, as reflected by unaltered relative expression levels of p-NF-κB p65 [56] compared to total p65 (relative expression controls vs. MS patients: 100.00 ± 10.54 vs. 141.40 ± 32.55%; p = 1.00; n = 5–8, Table 2), we could detect increased expression levels of iNOS, known to be induced by NF-κB [57] (relative expression controls vs. MS patients: 100.00 ± 40.25 vs. 246.60 ± 68.74%; p = 0.048; n = 5–7, Fig. 1c). Here, NFKB1 is linked to myeloid sarcoma.