CXCL8 and infection: As shown in S3 Fig, significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, Mcp-8, and β-defensin gene expression were observed in the liver tissues of the TP3 pre-treatment and post-treatment groups (S3 Fig) three hours after infection with V. vulnificus. TP3 pre-treatment and post-treatment resulted in a significant increase in the gene expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and β-defensin in spleen tissues three hours after infection (S3B Fig).