While 21.05% of LC3-marked AVs localized to MAP2-labeled dendrites, 83.11% and 91.64% of AVs co-localized with the presynaptic marker synaptophysin and along Neurofilament (NF)-labeled axons, suggesting that autophagic stress occurs predominantly in the axons and presynaptic terminals of AD mouse brains (Figure 1—figure supplement 1A,B). Here, MAP1LC3A is linked to Alzheimer disease.