Next, to examine the association of Aβ oligomers with AVs in AD brains, we utilized the well-characterized A11 antibody that only recognizes soluble Aβ oligomers, but not APP and its cleaved products C99, soluble monomer, or insoluble fibrils (Jimenez et al., 2008, 2011; Kayed et al., 2003; Zempel et al., 2010). The gene discussed is APP; the disease is Alzheimer disease.