To conclude, the presence of aS-DOPAL oligomeric permeabilising species reported here have to be verified in PD patients, then further studies should focus on understanding how to prevent the formation of aS-DOPAL oligomers, for example by enhancing ALDH activity or expression level, by developing an immunotherapy against aS-DOPAL oligomers, or by acting on the cellular conditions. This evidence concerns the gene LDHA and Parkinson disease.