Together with the lower IL10 expression53, 54, and the higher expression of IDO55, 56, 57, CXCL1258, 59, 60 and RPGE261, 62, 63 observed in our de novo AML cohort, we suggest that at least at the beginning of this disease, prior to any treatment, MSC provides a permissive niche for leukemogenesis rather than normal hematopoiesis. This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and acute myeloid leukemia.