First, early AL was associated with worse local inflammation, determined by elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12)20, 21, 22 from peritoneal fluid as early as the first post-operative day, as well as systemic inflammation burst in terms of elevated expression of circulating procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein23. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is axial length measurement.