The aim of the current study was to evaluate the associations of four coding and nonsynonymous SNPs (rs26653G > C [R127P], rs26618T > C [I276 M], rs30187C > T [K528R], rs27044C > G [Q730E]) in the ERAP1 gene with NSCLC in two populations: Chinese Han and Polish Caucasians. Here, ERAP1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.