The results suggest that neutrophils and T and B lymphocytes infiltrate and predominate in the local skin reaction, the former in the early days whereas the latter permeate the chancre at 5–7 days post-infection, with CD8+ T cells predominating in the chancre at even later stages (Mwangi et al., 1990; Vincendeau and Bouteille, 2006) and increased density of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the afferent lymph draining the chancre. Here, CD8A is linked to infection.