GAP43 and Stroke: The purine nucleoside inosine works through a direct intracellular mechanism to induce expression of genes associated with axonal growth (e.g., GAP43, L1, and α-1 tubulin) and has been shown to induce axonal reorganization and improve behavioral outcomes after spinal cord injury and stroke (Zai et al., 2009, 2011; Kim et al., 2013), as well as restore levels of GAP43 in the hippocampus in rats after stroke (Chen et al., 2002; de Lima et al., 2012b; Dachir et al., 2014).