Neither RANTES or OPN discriminated cases from controls for any of the pathological parameters examined (Table 3), and whereas altered levels of both were associated with tumour stage at diagnosis within cases (Table 4), for RANTES, this was not seen in the <1.15 year to diagnosis group and for OPN, the changes were not consistent, with lower levels in stage 2 vs stage 1 or stage 3/4 cases. This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and neoplasm.