Further work is needed to establish whether the anti-CSP antibodies/immunity provided sterilizing immunity against all bites from mosquitoes with a low number of residual-sporozoites (a “threshold” type of protection) or whether it prevents infection from a certain percentage of inoculated sporozoites (a “leaky” type of vaccine (see S1 Fig for a graphical explanation of the two hypotheses). This evidence concerns the gene DNAJC5 and infection.