CASP1 and infection: Notably the production of mature IL-1β is controlled by caspase-1-containing multi-protein complexes called “inflammasomes” [26–29] and at least two inflammasome pathways, NLRP3 and NLRC4 leading to caspase 1 activation [30], were described in infections with K. pneumoniae with different capsular phenotypes [31–33].