MYOD1 and rhabdomyosarcoma: Rhabdomyosarcomas express b-Helix-loop-Helix (bHLH) myogenic regulatory transcription factors (MRFs), including MYF5 and MYOD (Clark et al., 1991; Kumar et al., 2000; Sebire and Malone, 2003) but fail to activate terminal muscle differentiation programs.