Regarding its role in hyperglycemic memory, male Lewis rats maintained in a hyperglycemic state for two weeks or four months (~16 weeks) and thereafter subjected to strict glycemic control by pancreatic islet transplantation (for an additional 12 months or four months, respectively) exhibited normal glomerular TGF-β1 gene expression, although increased TGF-β1 gene expression was observed after four, eight or 12 months of hyperglycemia. Here, TGFB1 is linked to Hyperglycemia.