KRAS and cancer: The oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes implicated in the metabolic alteration from oxidative phosphorylation to an increased glycolysis of cancer cells include hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) [60, 61], epidermal growth factor (EGF), phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), myc, nuclear Factor Kappa Beta, protein kinase B (PKB), insulin-like growth factor I, mTOR, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK).