INS and hyperinsulinism: While a thorough picture is yet to emerge, several mechanisms have been suggested to explain this relationship, for example, hyperglycemia itself [3], oxidative stress [8–11], treatment for diabetes, hormonal disorders, insulin resistance with secondary hyperinsulinemia [3], metabolic alterations underlying the diseases [12], insulin-increased bioactivity of IGF-I [13, 14], insulin's positive effect on estrogen bioavailability, the status of chronic inflammation, and obesity [7].