FST and colorectal carcinoma: Butyrate has been shown to downregulate Wnt activity in CC531 rat colon carcinoma cells by reducing the expression of 4 Wnt target genes that are upregulated in CRC [CCND1, c-MYC, FOSL1, and follistatin (FST)] (39), but it has also been shown to induce Wnt signaling leading to stimulated apoptosis (40–42).