However, the mRNA expression of the three genes was not significantly up-regulated after treatment with TSA in esophageal cancer cell lines, indicating that histone acetylation may not play crucial roles in the inactivation of DACT1, DACT2 and DACT3. The similar results were observed in other carcinomas such as DACT1 in breast cancer [16] and DACT2 in hepatocellular carcinoma [15], gastric cancer [29], lung cance [17], colon cancer [13], and also in esophageal cancer [30]. This evidence concerns the gene DACT3 and carcinoma.