Therefore, G-CSF treatment to protect spermatogenesis from cancer treatments has the potential to revolutionize male fertility preservation in a manner that can be rapidly translated to the clinic because various forms of G-CSF are already FDA-approved (e.g., filgrastim: Neupogen® - Amgen, Granix® - Teva, Zarxio® - Novartis). Here, CSF3 is linked to cancer.