The DU145 (p53-deficient) prostate cancer cells or A549 (p53 wild-type) lung cancer cells, which were resistant to apoptosis by Par-4 (Burikhanov et al., 2009, 2013), were also resistant to apoptosis by the Par-4 secreted from CQ-treated Par-4+/+ MEFs in experiments that served as internal controls (Figure 2A). Here, PAWR is linked to prostate cancer.